Asian Tsunami Disaster

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RE: Asian Tsunami Disaster - 27.06.2005 17:08:52
25 June, 2005, 23:09 GMT 00:09 UK

Sri Lanka's slow tsunami response

By Dumeetha Luthra
BBC News, southern Sri Lanka



Survivors are living in tents and shacks


Sri Lanka's government has been accused of incompetence and overwhelming bureaucracy in dealing with the post-tsunami reconstruction effort.

Despite receiving pledges of more than $3bn, charities complain of a lack of co-ordination and no clear plan.

More than 30,000 people died in the tsunami and half a million were made homeless in Sri Lanka.

The overwhelming need is for shelter, but so far across the country only around half of the temporary homes are up and only a few thousand of the 90,000 permanent homes needed have even begun construction.

'Huge delays'

Six months ago, the only way to walk along the coastline in the southern town of Galle was to walk on the rubble of people's fallen homes.

They [the government] are very slow and I guess a little incompetent

Malindi Langasinghe
Aid information centre, Hikkaduwa

Controversial aid deal
Call to action


Now that's been removed. The debris has been cleared away and in its place has sprung up a chaotic mixture of wooden shacks and tents.

Slowly the tents are going, but a lot of the transitional shelters that are replacing them are nothing more than huts.

"Six months on people definitely should have been moved out of tents. There is no reason why they should be living in tents," says Malindi Langasinghe from the aid information centre in Hikkaduwa.

He says the ban on rebuilding within 100 metres of the sea is causing huge delays.

It was instigated to provide a buffer zone, but the government now has the task to find suitable alternative land for new homes.

"It's just that government has not been able to identify the land. They say that they have problems, that there isn't any land. But I don't think that's the reason, I think that they're very slow and I guess a little incompetent."

'Chicken farm'


In the Patharajagama camp, the transitional shelters are an example of how a knee-jerk and unplanned response to relief has left more than 300 people living in dire conditions.


I tell you it's very hot inside Buddheka de Silva


It's overcrowded, with too many huts in too small a space. No 72 Patharajagama Camp is Buddheka de Silva's home.

It's a sweltering tin box. The walls and the roof of its one room, the size of a garden shed, are made from corrugated metal sheets.

Mr de Silva, who lives here with his wife and two young children, thinks he'll be here for at least another year.

There's no electricity. It's hot, airless and cramped.

"I tell you it's very hot inside," he says. "It's like living in a chicken farm."

Some charities can't understand how this camp was allowed to be built - they refer to the shacks despairingly as the microwaves.

That's the irony of the relief effort.

There's plenty of cash, the projects have been found, but government bureaucracy has left many charities still waiting for approval and the money unspent.


Red tape

People are tired of waiting and are accepting help, even if the result is sub-standard.

Jagath Chandra's brother has just had a house built with help from a private organisation.


Things are improving here - it is taking time

Jake Zarins
Project Galle 2005


The family concede the house isn't legal, but say they don't have many alternatives.

As well as the more traditional charities, the rebuilding process here has been characterised by small independent organisations such as Project Galle 2005.

They've just finished some permanent homes in the village of Katagoda.

The advantage is they can sidestep the red tape that has paralysed the larger agencies.

Jake Zarins, one of the co-ordinators, says: "Things are improving here.


Families face years before they have proper homes



"It is taking time and there are a variety of factors causing that - some of them governmental, some of them just the lack of co-ordination between the groups, because there are a lot of groups working here.

"Many are doing similar things. The fact of the matter is, that as a charitable trust, we don't have the same constraints as the NGOs [non-governmental organisations].

"We can actually just identify a problem and go on to solve it."

'Small consolation'

Galle's district co-ordinator for the post-tsunami reconstruction agency, the Task Force for Rebuilding the Nation, is Ananda Amaratunga.

He told me construction has started for about 200 houses, although he admitted, 6,000 are needed.

He defends the government's progress.

"This is the initial stages. When you take the initial stages, it takes time - then only it gathers momentum."

It's small consolation for the families facing another rainy night without a proper home.

There's no doubt Sri Lanka faces a huge task - but it has the money to do it.

If it doesn't speed up the process, charities say Sri Lanka's coastline could become a coastal slum.

And Sri Lanka's survivors will remain victims.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4618683.stm

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Tsunami aid - 27.06.2005 17:14:04
Saturday, 25 June, 2005, 02:48 GMT 03:48 UK

Tsunami aid 'went to the richest'


Thousands in Aceh have not been able to move out of camps


Six months after the Asian tsunami, a leading international charity says the poorest victims have benefited the least from the massive relief effort.
A survey by Oxfam found that aid had tended to go to businesses and landowners, exacerbating the divide between rich and poor.

The poor were likely to spend much longer in refugee camps where it is harder to find work or rebuild lives.

Oxfam has called for aid to go to the poorest and most marginalised.

They must not be left out of reconstruction efforts, the charity said.

.....................

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4621365.stm

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RE: Tsunami aid - 27.06.2005 17:16:29

Homes may need rebuilding, but so do many vital roads


Sunday, 26 June, 2005, 11:27 GMT 12:27 UK

Tsunami remembered six months on

People around the Indian Ocean have been marking six months since the earthquake and deadly tsunami that devastated a string of countries.
In Indonesia, which was worst hit, UN and World Bank officials joined local leaders and civilians for a ceremony.

About $13bn (£7bn) was pledged in aid from around the world, although the pace of rebuilding has been slow and thousands of people remain homeless.

The tsunami hit in December, killing at least 200,000 people in 13 countries.

The United Nations has said that reconstruction work across the whole affected region will take up to five years, and could cost $9bn.

Donors thanked

At a ceremony in the Indonesian city of Banda Aceh on Saturday, Bo Apslund, co-ordinating........................


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4623345.stm

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RE: Tsunami aid - 27.06.2005 17:20:50
Monday, 27 June, 2005, 03:39 GMT 04:39 UK

Malaysian tsunami funds queried
By Jonathan Kent
BBC News, Kuala Lumpur



There were repeated complaints aid had not got through


Malaysia's anti-corruption agency has announced it is looking into nine alleged cases of misuse of tsunami relief funds.
The country's deputy prime minister has promised that the government will not interfere in the investigation.

The move follows a BBC report which found that many of those affected by the disaster were claiming not to have received proper help.

Malaysia escaped the worst of the 2004 disaster, reporting only 68 deaths.

Fewer than ten thousand people are thought to have suffered damage to property.

Money 'misappropriated'

In the wake of the tsunami, Malaysians raised millions of dollars which were given to the government to help victims.

But six months on, complaints that the aid has not got through are widespread.

A BBC investigation uncovered repeated allegations that money was being kept by middle-men entrusted to distribute it.

The government responded to the report by saying that all the money it had collected had been handed out to those affected.

It has now emerged that the Penang state branch of the country's anti-corruption agency has received a number of complaints that funds had been misappropriated.

Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister, Najib Razak, said the probe would be extended to other states if there was evidence of wrongdoing.

Along with Penang, the neighbouring state of Kedah bore the brunt of the destruction.

However, Malaysia was largely protected from the main force of the tsunami by the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The west coast peninsular of Malaysia is thought to have been hit by a secondary wave travelling more slowly and with less force than those that struck nearby Thailand.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4625341.stm

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RE: Tsunami aid - 27.06.2005 17:25:45
Tsunami ceremony honors victims

Donors, locals promise recovery

By TINI TRAN
Associated Press
6/26/2005


Associated Press
An Acehnese dancer performs during ceremonies Saturday marking the six-month anniversary since the tsunami struck.


ULEE LHEU, Indonesia - Gathering in the shadow of a tsunami-battered mosque, local leaders and international donors took stock Saturday of the disaster that wiped out vast stretches of Indonesia's Aceh province, saying rebuilding efforts were picking up after months of delays.
The ceremony marking six months since the Dec. 26 disaster was also a time to remember the dead, with prayers from the Quran and memories of a young tsunami survivor, Nada Lutfiah, who lost her parents in the calamity.

The fourth-grader had received a letter from a third-grader in Michigan expressing hope that her family had survived. But she wrote back with the awful truth.

"Unfortunately, my family - father, mother, brother and sister - are gone," Lutfiah said, reading from her letter. "Now, I'm alone."

Amid the grief, efforts to rebuild Aceh have been plagued by political squabbling, donors' concerns about corruption, challenges in implementing a new finance law and government delays in releasing guidelines for rebuilding.

But officials said Saturday the situation was improving.

"Now it's time to look forward," said Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, director of the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency for Aceh and Nias. "Finally, things are happening on the ground."

He said $2.8 billion has been disbursed by foreign donors and $1.9 billion in projects have been approved by his agency.

Officials from the World Bank, the United States, Australia and Japan, among others, noted the scattered signs of progress in Aceh: dozens of new homes going up in destroyed villages and a pier being rebuilt in one town.

"We're at a stage now (that) within the next month or so we'll really begin to see recovery and reconstruction changes physically in Aceh," said Bo Asplund, the top U.N. official in Indonesia.

The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, which pulled out of the province in March in a dispute with the government, used the occasion to say it was returning.

However, the rosy picture painted by officials has been lost on the few residents who have returned to the coastal area of Ulee Lheu. Once it was home to several thriving middle-class neighborhoods. Six months after the disaster, it's still little more than piles of dirt, bricks and trash.

Ulee Lheu's Baiturrahim mosque, where the officials gathered Saturday, is almost the only standing structure along this coast on the outskirts of the provincial capital, Banda Aceh. Nothing has been rebuilt for miles except a prayer hall. There is a smattering of tents.

The mammoth quake and tsunami killed more than 178,000 people in 11 countries, and about 50,000 more remain missing. The focus has shifted from emergency relief to longer-term recovery. Donors and aid agencies are seeking to rebuild basic infrastructure and renew broken lives.

Indonesia was the hardest hit of all the countries, with more than 131,000 dead and half a million left homeless. About 250,000 Acehnese survivors remain in tents awaiting promised housing and other services.


http://www.buffalonews.com/editorial/20050626/1073190.asp


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RE: Tsunami aid - 27.06.2005 17:36:11
Six Months After Tsunami, Rebuilding Just Beginning

http://www.wkkj.com/script/headline_newsmanager.php?id=415938&pagecontent=nationalnews&feed_id=59



[image]http://diendan.vnthuquan.net/upfiles/1124/B223A9818BA447EF9920B2BEAF4CC204.JPG[/image]
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RE: Asian Tsunami Disaster - 27.06.2005 18:06:45
Asian Tsunami Survivors Look Back at 6 Months of Suffering
By VOA News
26 June 2005


Fiberglass boats lie in the harbor at Nagapattinam, India, June 25, 2005


Nations around the world are remembering the catastrophic tsunami that devastated a string of Indian Ocean countries six months ago Sunday.

The event was touched off December 26 by an enormous underwater earthquake off the coast of Indonesia's Sumatra island. The quake triggered massive waves that pounded coastlines in scores of countries, including Thailand, Sri Lanka and India and as far away as Somalia.

The disaster claimed more than 175,000 lives and left nearly 2 million people homeless.

Indonesia, which suffered the worst damage and heaviest casualties, held a ceremony Saturday to mark the half year since the earthquake and tsunami.

Elsewhere, survivors are recalling their stories and mourning those who lost their lives in the event.

The United Nations says the next six months will focus on reconstruction in affected countries - including rebuilding thousands of homes, buildings and infrastructure. Aid efforts will also look to putting thousands of people back to work.

U.N. estimates say reconstruction will take five to 10 years.

So far, the international community has pledged about $7 billion for reconstruction efforts.

http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-06-26-voa10.cfm

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Asian Tsunami Reconstruction - 27.06.2005 18:15:41
Asian Tsunami Reconstruction Moves Forward, Challenges Remain
By Heda Bayron
Hong Kong
20 June 2005

Bayron report - Download 702k
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Thailand Tsunami Recovery Gallery

Six months after the Asian tsunami - the biggest humanitarian disaster in decades - millions of survivors still face the challenge of rebuilding their homes and finding jobs. International aid agencies, governments and survivors themselves are struggling to keep the reconstruction momentum going.


Women fetch water at a temporary shelter camp in Nagapattinam, India


For many of the survivors of the December 26 tsunami, daily life remains an uphill battle.

In Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Indonesia's Aceh province, thousands of families still live in tents and camps.

Many complain that they have gotten little official help to rebuild their homes and businesses. Governments and aid agencies ask for patience, saying that reconstruction must be well planned, so that new communities can thrive in the years to come, and to avoid wasting money.

Fishermen in Thailand repair their boats in time for the fishing season. They say they received little government help to regain their livelihood.


Man talks on his phone near smashed cars along Patong Beach, Thailand after tsunami hit


The tsunami, triggered by a massive earthquake off the northern tip of Indonesia, swept across the Indian Ocean, sweeping away lives and communities in 12 countries - from Indonesia to Somalia on the east coast of Africa. Governments say more than 170,000 people died or disappeared, although many aid agencies and survivors say the toll may be close to 300,000. The victims came from all over the world - at least 2,000 tourists from Europe and North America were lost from the region's beaches - making this a global disaster.

Quick action by charity groups and governments, aided by regional military forces, including the U.S. Navy, to rush in emergency food and medical care, meant that those who survived the waves found food and shelter within days.


Worker at reconstruction site in Banda Aceh


But the process of actually replacing what was lost is slower, although survivors and aid workers say progress is being made. In Indonesia's Aceh province, the hardest-hit area, international aid has helped build temporary houses, schools and infrastructure.

Gianfranco Rotigliano, the United Nations Children's Fund representative for Indonesia, says that while far more must be done, much has been achieved.

"If we consider where we are, what was the situation before the tsunami and the programs that this country had in the past, what has been done has been remarkable to me," he says.

Before the tsunami, most of Aceh had been off limits to foreign aid groups because of a long-running separatist insurgency. That meant aid agencies were starting from scratch once they were allowed in after the tsunami.

One of the biggest achievements since then, he says, was that emergency workers prevented more deaths from hunger or disease. That meant they could quickly focus on meeting the region's other needs.

UNICEF has helped build 200 temporary earthquake-safe primary school buildings in time for the new school year starting in July. Over the next three years, UNICEF pledges to spend $90 million to repair or rebuild 500 permanent schools.

For thousands of survivors all over the region, regaining their livelihoods is the biggest problem, particularly for fishermen who lost their boats in the waves.

In the Thai village of Khao Phi Lai, a group of fishermen in early June excitedly inspected 200 new boats donated by United Arab Emirates.

This 70-year-old Thai fisherman says he couldn't imagine what he would do without a boat. He says earning a living has been hard for him especially because of his old age.


In Hambantota district in the badly hit Sri Lankan town of Galle, a town official, M.A. Piyasena, says rebuilding efforts are just beginning. Five thousand houses are being built with international help.

"By building houses and a school, people will move there," he says. "With new roads, buses will come, that will be the start of a new city.

But some townspeople hesitate to move into the new houses, saying they sit too close to the sea. Big waves, they say, cannot reach the tents in the camps.

In some areas, roads had to be rebuilt so that trucks could bring in construction materials. In others, whole towns must be built from the ground up, and governments are moving cautiously. Officials say they want to draft plans to create the schools, roads and water systems that will allow communities to thrive long into the future.

Mr. Rotigliano of UNICEF says residents must have a say in reconstruction if it is to succeed.

"The fact that communities have a voice is I think very important," he said. "They find out that they can decide on their own life, decide where they want the school, how big it would be, where they want the health center. This brings them back to normal civil society life, if I can say so."

..............

http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-06-20-voa39.cfm

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Aceh village six months on - 28.06.2005 05:23:52

The mosque was the only building left standing in Lampuuk village after December’s earthquake and tsunami hit Indonesia's Aceh province. A once thriving community was reduced to rubble by the force of the waves.



About 250 people have returned here so far. Some are still living in tents. Others have built themselves shacks using wood salvaged from the wreckage



Many survivors say they prefer to continue living in government-built barracks in nearby Lam Lhom village for the time being, until the weather improves or permanent houses are built.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/asia_pac_aceh_village_six_months_on/html/1.stm
<bài viết được chỉnh sửa lúc 28.06.2005 05:25:06 bởi HongYen >

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Aceh village six months on - 28.06.2005 05:29:10

People in the work teams, wearing their matching T-shirts, earn about $3 a day clearing rubble and debris from the land.



Zulkifli buys scrap metal from local people who have collected it from the debris, and sells it on to dealers coming from Medan, a 12-hour drive away.



Sweet Acehnese coffee sells for less than 10 cents a glass. Traditional cakes are on sale too, made each evening by women in Lampuuk.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/asia_pac_aceh_village_six_months_on/html/4.stm

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Aceh village six months on - 28.06.2005 05:34:07

They estimate the land will not be suitable for rice-growing for at least another six months, possibly 12.



All the schools in Lampuuk were destroyed, so the children now go to one in a nearby village. They are taken each day in a minibus donated by a former Lampuuk resident now living in Italy.




This travelling salesman from West Sumatra has turned up hoping to sell make-up, moisturisers, perfume and watches.


Words and pictures by the BBC's Becky Lipscombe.


http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/asia_pac_aceh_village_six_months_on/html/7.stm

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Tsunami Warning System - 30.06.2005 04:30:50
Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Taking Shape

By Ron Corben, Bangkok
29 June 2005

Corben report - Download 629k
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A Thai official is silhouetted by a map showing an earthquake site during the demonstration of the quake system at the disaster warning center on the outskirts of Bangkok, Thailand

Countries around the Indian Ocean are setting up tsunami warning systems to try to avoid a repeat of the massive loss of life last December 26. The United Nations is coordinating efforts to establish a regional network over the next year.

Loudspeakers and shrieks of horror were often the only warnings people had last December when the tsunami engulfed communities and lives along the shores of the Indian Ocean.

A magnitude nine earthquake off Indonesia's Aceh Province triggered the massive waves, which took just 30 minutes to make landfall in Aceh. Two hours later, it had raced across the Indian Ocean to devastate communities in Sri Lanka.

In all, more than 200,000 people died or disappeared in the tsunami, across 12 countries.

Almost immediately, coastal residents along the Indian Ocean questioned why they had not received adequate warning. In Thailand, the chief of the bureau of meteorology was fired and the government quickly joined regional commitments to establish a tsunami warning system.

UNESCO officials recently discussed details of such a system in Paris, with representatives of all the Indian Ocean nations.

Salvano Briceno, who heads up the United Nations disaster reduction unit, says "It has been agreed so far that it would not be a single center but rather a network of centers - given the complexity of early warning systems."

Officials hope the network will include centers in all 27 Indian Ocean countries.

Mr. Briceno says good progress has already been made on the technical infrastructure for early detection of tsunamis, but he says there is more to the job. "Early warning systems cannot just stop at the technical part… but rather they should also help in mobilizing the populations and in triggering all the disaster management capacities in each country," he says.

Thailand is working hard to do its part.

In May, the Thai government opened a $2.5 million national disaster warning center north of Bangkok, with links to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii, Japan's Meteorological Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey.

It is one of several such centers in the region acting together as an interim Indian Ocean network, until the planned one is in place.

Within minutes of an alert from Hawaii's facility, officials in Thailand can warn the public through messages to mobile phones, telephones, faxes, and the news media.

The center is also linked directly to sirens on Phuket Island, which was badly hit in December. There police and navy personnel stand ready to evacuate residents and tourists.

Samith Dharmasaroja, a meteorologist and a government adviser, says the Thai center hopes to sharpen its capabilities. "We are satisfied with our performance right now but we have to improve our center. We have to upgrade our center to become a regional warning center - this is our goal in the future. Right now we can give an early warning 20 minutes after the tsunami occurs, but we will improve our warning to less than 10 minutes, so people have enough time to escape," he says.

The Thai government says upgrading the national disaster center will take six months to a year.

The United Nations says it aims to have all the national warning systems operating as a network by July 2006 at cost of up to $50 million.

But UNESCO's regional representative in Jakarta, Stephen Hill, says that is a bit optimistic. "This is a longer-term project - there are some estimates a basic system may be in place by perhaps the middle of next year, but it is really going to take a bit longer to really put into place and train the people beyond that," he says.

There also has been some division among governments over which country should host the main warning center and how it should be set up. That debate has slowed the project.

Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the tsunami. More than 160,000 people were lost there - most of them in Aceh Province.

Mr. Hill says an effective warning system will go a long way toward easing the public's concerns. "In Aceh, people need to be prepared or feel that they're prepared, to give them confidence. I mean, people are really scared and you can see this - they're really afraid and so it's very easy to generate panic from almost nothing," he says.

Indonesia, he says, remains vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis because it sits near major fault lines in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Those fault lines ensure that it is not a question of "if" another earthquake or tsunami will strike the region - only a matter of "when".

The warning systems now being developed will provide a vital grid of communication that was absent when the tsunami struck six months ago.

http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-06-29-voa8.cfm

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UNESCO: Tsunami Warning System - 01.07.2005 13:18:19
Tsunami warning system ready by July 2006: UNESCO Thu Jun 30,11:29 AM ET



PARIS (AFP) - A detection system to warn of tsunamis like the one that devastated the coasts of south Asia last December will be operational by July 2006, the United Nations science and culture organisation ( UNESCO) said.

.......

http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20050630/sc_afp/asiatsunamiunesco_050630152925

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...'build back better'... - 15.07.2005 16:47:21
Former U.S. president Bill Clinton (R), a Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary General for Tsunami Recovery, speaks with Jan Egeland, Under Secretary General for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, before Clinton's address to a meeting of the United Nations Economic and Social Council at the U.N. headquarters in New York July 14, 2005. The meeting assessed some of the lessons learned from the relief effort following last December's devastating earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean. (Mike Segar/Reuters)

Tsunami areas must 'build back better' -Clinton

By Irwin Arieff
Thu Jul 14, 7:24 PM ET



UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - The unprecedented outpouring of aid for the Indian Ocean tsunami must be used to "build back better" and not simply restore what was there before, former U.S. President Bill Clinton said on Thursday.

Nearly seven months after the disaster, the international community was entering the most challenging phase of the relief effort, with many survivors still living in difficult circumstances and increasingly frustrated with the slow pace of help, said Clinton, a U.N. special envoy for tsunami recovery,

"We have at least 230,000 reminders from December 26th as to why we need to make sure this recovery process accomplishes more than just restoring what was there before," Clinton told a U.N. conference seeking to draw lessons from the relief effort to date.

"Can we honestly say that we are on track to building back better?" he asked.

More than 240,000 people were killed in last December's earthquake and tsunami, with another 50,000 still missing and presumed dead, according to the latest U.N. figures.

The damage has been estimated at $94 billion, and a stunning 158 million people were driven from their homes or otherwise affected by the disaster, Belgian Ambassador Johan Verbeke said as he opened the session.

To keep the recovery on track, affected governments, international agencies and private relief groups had to quickly resolve any remaining policy disagreements, agree on programs and closely coordinate their efforts, Clinton said.

FRUSTRATING TIMES AHEAD

"It will be a complex and frustrating time. There is impatience already, and there is exhaustion. Recovery in each country will need a customized response and will move at different speeds," he said.

Clinton also urged governments to assess risks from natural disasters before they occur and take preventive measures.

In the tsunami-hit areas, it was "clear the human toll would have been lower if there had been adequate early warning and (if) other prevention strategies had been in place," he said.

Ann Veneman, head of the U.N. Children's Fund UNICEF, said the rapid initial global response had helped avert widespread death in the period following the tsunami, when health and sanitary systems broke down.

"The bottom line is that children did not die from preventable diseases linked to the crisis, and nearly all children were back in school within two months of the tsunami," she said.

To "build back better," her agency was now helping improve health care and water facilities and build 325 new schools that would be better equipped than the ones destroyed by the tsunami, she said.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20050714/ts_nm/quake_un_dc_2Xin mời: Bill Clinton

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Eerie Underwater Recording... - 23.07.2005 17:38:23
Eerie Underwater Recording of Deadly Indonesian Earthquake

Robert Roy Britt
LiveScience Senior Writer
LiveScience.com
Fri Jul 22, 2:45 PM ET

Sound from last December's huge tsunami-causing earthquake was picked up by underwater microphones designed to listen for nuclear explosions.

Scientists this week released an audio file of the frighteningly long-lasting cracks and splits along the Sumatra-Andaman Fault in the Indian Ocean.

The spine-tingling hiss and rumble is an eerie reminder of the devastation and death that is still being tallied in the largest natural disaster in modern times.

At least 200,000 people are thought to have died as a result of the magnitude 9.3 earthquake, the tsunami, and the lack of food, drinkable water and medical supplies that followed.


The audio recording of the quake starts out silent. A low hiss begins and the intensity builds gradually to a rumbling crescendo. Then it tails off but, frighteningly, builds again in waves as Earth continues to tremble.


The audio file [here] is sped up 10 times to make it easier to hear. As it was recorded, the sound was at the lower threshold of human hearing, but it could have been noted by someone paying attention.


"If you were diving even hundreds of miles away you could hear this," said study leader Maya Tolstoy of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. "You would hear it as sort of a 'boom.'"


Future help


An analysis of the recording suggest a new way to monitor earthquakes in near real-time, providing critical information about an earthquake's intensity and potential hazard that could supplement seismograph data, which typically requires hours and even days to properly analyze.


"We were able to constrain some details such as the speed and duration of the rupture more accurately than traditional seismic methods," Tolstoy said. "Moreover, we found the earthquake happened in two distinct phases, with faster rupture to the south and slower to the north, almost as if there were two back-to-back events."


Tolstoy told LiveScience that the recorded sounds raced from the rupture more quickly than the tsunami wave. The entire quake's sounds took about 45 minutes to reach the hydrophone. Were a system set up to use such data, analysis might be done in about 15 minutes, Tolstoy said.


The tsunami took hours to reach some locations.


An analysis of the data is detailed in the July/August edition of the journal Seismological Research Letters.


Sound travels


It is not surprising the sounds were picked up.


An earthquake releases energy of varying types. Its seismic waves -- those that shake the ground -- are technically just a variation on sound waves. And sound travels well in water. Whales can hear each other call from more than 1,000 miles away.


Tolstoy said people at sea have heard the rumblings of distant volcanoes when the sound hits the hull of a ship.


And this was no small earthquake. It ruptured the planet along 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) of fault. Scientists estimate the Indian plate slipped 33-50 feet (10 to 15 meters) under the Burma microplate. The fault shook for at least eight minutes. A typical large earthquake lasts 30 seconds or so.

Earth's very gravity balance was altered and the North Pole shifted by an inch.

The recorded data was provided in March to scientists by the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Tolstoy and her colleague, DelWayne Bohnenstiehl, converted the data to make the new audio file.

Tolstoy hopes that in the future scientists will gain easier and earlier access to such data.

"There is an opportunity here to make a contribution to international disaster monitoring, as well as help us better understand earthquakes and tsunamis and potentially mitigate these events in the future." she said. "It makes sense to let others listen in."

The sound file is here.

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A spectrogram of the data shows energy released, with red being the most. A peak in energy is seen about 300 seconds into the event. Credit: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

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http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20050722/sc_space/eerieunderwaterrecordingofdeadlyindonesianearthquake

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Thailand to take 3 years to ID all tsunami victims - 23.08.2005 03:49:45
Thailand to take 3 years to ID all tsunami victims

By Karishma Vyas
Mon Aug 22, 6:07 AM ET


BANGKOK (Reuters) - The families of at least 1,600 tsunami victims in Thailand may have to wait up to three years for the bodies of their loved ones to be identified, a senior forensic policeman said on Monday.

Noppadol Somboonsub, head of the Thailand Tsunami Victim Identification (TTVI) center, said most of the remaining bodies were thought to be ethnic Asians, but the ID process was getting more and more difficult by the day.

"It is a hard burden for us because it will not be finished in one year. It will take another two to three years," said Noppadol, deputy commissioner-general of the Thai police.

Thai forensic experts and disaster ID teams from more than 25 other nations have so far made positive matches on 2,156 bodies, most of them holidaymakers killed in the December 26 disaster.

The experts rely mainly on DNA data, fingerprints and dental records for identification, an increasingly time-consuming task due to the gradual deterioration of tissue samples.

Young children remain the most difficult group to identify, experts say, because many are too young to have fingerprint or dental records.

By August 17, the center had identified 527 victims from Thailand, the largest national total, followed by 487 Swedes and 466 Germans.

As more and more of their nationals are identified, foreign forensic teams are scaling back their operations, although Australia's ambassador to Bangkok denied Canberra was pulling out now that all 23 Australians missing in Thailand had been found.

"We're committed to support the Royal Thai government and the Royal Thai police right to the end of this process," William Paterson told a news conference in Bangkok after a ceremony to hand over $400,000 of post-disaster ID equipment.

"Today's handover does not represent closure for us," he said, referring to the computers, hospital gear and coffins given to Thai authorities.

However, Kenyon International, a disaster management company hired in Thailand to repatriate foreign victims, has closed its operations on the tsunami-hit southwestern island of Phuket.

Thai authorities said they were unconcerned about the reduction in international staff and were keen to take over the identification process, which will soon be shifting from Phuket to Bangkok.

"They have been helping us quite a lot now so they should be able to go back. We are training our people to handle identification with the help of many countries and Kenyon International," Noppadol said.

With the first anniversary of the tsunami fast approaching, Thai authorities said they would organize memorial services in Phuket, Khao Lak and Krabi to remember the 5,395 people officially recorded as victims.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20050822/wl_nm/tsunami_bodies_dc

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Thai flights for tsunami families - 11.09.2005 09:06:51
Thursday, 8 September 2005, 16:11 GMT 17:11 UK

Thai flights for tsunami families

Thai officials say it could take years to identify all victims


Thailand will pay for flights and hotel rooms for families of foreign tsunami victims who want to attend anniversary memorials, the prime minister says.
Thaksin Shinawatra said he would make the same offer for those injured in the disaster on 26 December 2004.

About 5,500 people were killed in Thailand. Nearly half were foreigners.

The authorities have said they will organise services to mark the first anniversary in Phuket, Khao Lak and Krabi - the three worst-hit areas.

"The 26th of December will be a day of mourning," the prime minister said.

Invitations

Mr Thaksin told reporters the government had the names and addresses of the victims' families and would send them invitations.

The travel package would be offered to immediate relatives, he said.

He did not say how much the pledge would cost.

It was not clear if families of Thai victims would also get free flights and accommodation.

Thai officials have said it could take three years to identify everyone killed in the country during the tsunami.

The head of the victim identification centre said last month that 1,600 bodies had still not been identified.

He said the process might take longer than originally expected, because many victims were illegal immigrants, whose families were afraid to come forward.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4226748.stm

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Tsunami relief effort 'chaotic' - 06.10.2005 19:37:18
Wednesday, 5 October 2005, 09:44 GMT 10:44 UK

Tsunami relief effort 'chaotic'

There were thousands of bodies to recover after the Asian tsunami


The Red Cross has criticised aid agencies for failing to co-ordinate their response to the tsunami disaster.
Rivalries between hundreds of groups led to a duplication and in some places a delay in aid reaching those affected, the Red Cross said in a report.

It also said that tens of thousands of people who died would have survived if they were given quicker warnings.

The annual Red Cross survey also said the response to the well-predicted famine in Niger was insufficient.

Some 250,000 people died in disasters in 2004, 225,000 in the tsunami.

Disasters including floods, famine and hurricanes affected about 146 million people worldwide, according to the annual World Disasters Report by the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.

The majority of those, about 110 million, were affected by severe flooding in India, Bangladesh and China.

The devastating death toll in the Asian tsunami skewed the official casualty figures, pushing the 2004 total way past the recent average of 67,000.

'Complex'

The international director of the British Red Cross told the BBC that 300 to 500 charities had arrived in Sri Lanka following the disaster, some of which had little or no experience.

"It is simply very complex and chaotic when a disaster like this strikes," Matthias Schmale said.

Correspondents say the scale of aid raised was partly to blame for a lack of co-ordination between agencies.

Mr Schmale said the UK agencies involved were established groups, like Oxfam, Save the Children and the Red Cross.

"In remote places... and in some cases, new charities were set up which simply showed up on the scene and tried to help," he said.

Poor warnings

The report also said that scientists monitoring the Indian Ocean detected the giant earthquake off the coast of Indonesia, but had no way to alert people.


Months later, many affected areas now have tsunami warning systems


"Early warning is the most obvious way in which accurate, timely information alone can save lives," the organisation's Secretary General, Markku Niskala, wrote in the introduction to the report.

The report contrasted the lack of co-ordinated information about the impending tsunami disaster with the efficient warning systems in place when four strong hurricanes swept through the Caribbean during 2004.

A string of countries in the region issued evacuation orders and advised citizens on how to ride out hurricanes, minimising death tolls.

The report also focused on Niger, where warnings over poor harvests were not heeded by the international community.

"There were enough early warning signs to say that the situation could be quite severe in 2005," said Hisham Kigali, head of disaster response for the Red Cross.

"What as a humanitarian community we didn't do well enough is give out enough repeated messages saying that, particularly to donors."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4310558.stm

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Tsunami: Anatomy of a Disaster - 11.10.2005 13:07:49


Tsunami: Anatomy of a Disaster

On Boxing Day 2004 the world witnessed the terrible power of the Indian Ocean tsunami. A new BBC One programme, featuring the harrowing stories of survivors, gives a scientific account of the disaster.

These satellite images show Banda Aceh, Indonesia, before and after the destructive waves hit. (photos: DigitalGlobe)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/tsunami/

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Anatomy of a Disaster - 11.10.2005 13:09:42
Anatomy of a Disaster

On Boxing Day last year the world witnessed the terrible power of the Indian Ocean tsunami. This is the full scientific account of that disaster, told exclusively by people who lived through it.

The film features Cut Putri, whose astonishing footage explains so much about the power of the tsunami. The Squire family in Sri Lanka were witnesses to how the tsunami struck that country in a series of monster waves one after another. In Thailand, Mark Heather knew what was coming, but watched in horror as guests at his resort walked towards the impending disaster.

Mixing previously unseen footage and accounts from a whole range of survivors, this film explains what happened in unprecedented detail. It shows what caused the wave and why it was so powerful. It reveals how elephants (pictured) and other animals sensed the impending waves before humans. It examines how the unpredictable behaviour of the wave meant that some places that should have been destroyed were spared, while other places that should have been safe were shattered. It shows how the tsunami hit different countries in different ways, giving some people warning and others no chance at all. It explains how in Sri Lanka, the tsunami even changed direction. Above all the film looks at the lessons we have learned from this disaster and asks the critical question – need so many people have died?

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/tsunami/programme.shtml

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After Three-Month Hijacking - 11.10.2005 18:34:33
UN Ship Arrives in Somali Port After Three-Month Hijacking

By VOA News
04 October 2005


United Nations officials in Somalia say a cargo ship held for nearly 100 days at sea by pirates has finally arrived in port.

The MV Semlow and its 10-man crew arrived Monday in the Somali port of El-Maan, one day after the pirates left. It was towed into port by another cargo ship that had been hijacked several days earlier.

Pirates seized the U.N.-chartered ship on June 27. It carried 850 metric tons of rice donated by Japan and Germany for Somali victims of last year's tsunami.

The pirates frequently changed their demands and reneged on agreements with the World Food Program to free the ship.

The vessel will spend the next few days at El-Maan being offloaded before heading back to its home port in Mombasa, Kenya.

Some information for this report provided by AFP and Reuters

http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-10-04-voa18.cfm

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Survivalist: Living Without Any Modern Resources - 11.10.2005 18:42:54
Survivalist: Living Without Any Modern Resources


By Tim Wardner
Randolph, Kansas
03 October 2005

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The tsunami last year and recent powerful hurricanes in the U.S. remind us that our lives are dependent on a complex and vulnerable network of people, products and institution that make modern life possible. But what would it take if we had to take care of ourselves? There is a man in Kansas who showed VOA's Tim Wardner just what you need to survive.


John McPherson


Modern living means depending on electricity, gasoline, and well-stocked stores. But we are finding out that these things are not always available. This man has always known not to count on modern conveniences. He’s a survivalist living in Randolph, Kansas.

"Everything on this property was built by my wife and I."

This is John McPherson. He calls himself a woodsman and survivalist. He knows how to live in the woods with only his hands and what nature supplies for materials.


Starting a fire using only sticks


“I've spent my whole life with this. I've spent 20-30 years just working primitive skills. And I have eight years working in a special operations unit in the military."

John McPherson lives in a remote part of Central Kansas. From his books on primitive wilderness skills, John and his wife Geri have made a reputation as leading teachers of wilderness survival for extreme outdoor enthusiasts and the U.S. Army. For John, it goes back 40 years to Vietnam.

"In my experience in Vietnam, if I had been captured and escaped, what would you need because you have absolutely nothing?"

Even with all its dependence on technology, the U.S. Army has hired Mr. McPherson to teach its Special Forces the basics of survival.


Using Nature's string


"We got to be pretty well known in the special ops community because we taught the basics, what they really needed to know. ‘What do I need now? I need shelter. I need fire, that's part of shelter. I need food, that's traps. String ties it all together. Containers to carry stuff around, to move from point A to Point B’."

Using nature's elements to make a fire for warmth, cooking and signaling comes first.

"What keeps you alive is knowing how to rub two sticks to make fire."

Also basic to survival is a sharp edge from a rock to make a cutting tool.


John's wife Mary helped build their home and furnishings

Making string or cord from natural plant fibers allows one to make traps for animals and tie together branches to make shelter. The ability to transport and retain water is essential, such as this water vessel made from a deer bladder.

"The bladder is a canteen. You can carry water in the stomach."

John uses stripped bark to make an ax handle. Natural cord, string, can spring a trap to catch a small animal for food.

To be able to survive with little or nothing may be the ultimate edge, a source of self-confidence; the ultimate freedom.

"That's what drew me out here and what really keeps me here. I'm free. I don't need anyone for anything," John says.

http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-10-03-voa41.cfm

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Depression, hunger stalk tsunami survivors - 21.10.2005 17:23:40
Depression, hunger stalk tsunami survivors


By Bill Tarrant
Thu Oct 20, 8:17 AM ET

LAMTEUNGOH, Indonesia (Reuters) - Putri's baby is big.

At 8.8 lb, baby Angi is, in fact, huge by the natal standards of Indonesia -- all the more remarkable since her mother has been living in a grim tsunami survivors' camp throughout her pregnancy.

Born September 23, Angi is the first known baby conceived and born after the December 26th tsunami that killed more than 170,000 people and left half a million homeless in Indonesia's Aceh province on the tip of northern Sumatra.

Angi, who is being bottle-fed because her mother's tsunami rations do not give her the strength to breast-feed, owes her robust health, at least in part, to a health clinic the children's aid group Plan International set up in her village.

Putri received vitamins, nutrient supplements and prenatal care from the clinic during her pregnancy. A Plan-trained midwife delivered Angi in the military-style barracks camp Putri's family shares with scores of others.

Plan says it has set up at least 50 primary care units in tsunami-struck villages and distributed supplementary nutrient packages to 160,000 children and pregnant women in Aceh.

One of the great successes of the tsunami relief effort was that a feared second wave of deaths from diseases never happened.

DEPRESSED AND ANEMIC

Groups such as Unicef, Save the Children, Oxfam and Plan among others moved quickly to set up clear water and sanitation systems in camps housing more than a million tsunami survivors around the Indian Ocean rim.

Putri's baby is a welcome addition to the fishing village of Lamteungoh, where only 250 out of a population of around 3,000 survived the 10-yard high tsunami. As in so many other villages, three to four times as many women and girls than men were killed in Lamteungoh.

While baby Angi is fine, her parents are struggling.

"Most pregnant women here are anemic so they need vitamin supplements," said 27-year-old midwife, Dassy Handayani. "They also need a lot of moral support. They get depressed about raising their babies in tsunami camps."

The tsunami took Putri's eldest daughter, Arlisa Putri, 11. But two other daughters, Surya Pertiwi, 6 and Sri Rejeki, 3, survived.

Putri clings to a notion that Arlisa somehow is still alive.

"I had a dream in the seventh month of my pregnancy that a white man found her and took her back with him, a Canadian named Michael. I want to believe this dream, but I'm not sure," she said.

Life in the camps is undoubtedly contributing to depression spawned by tsunami trauma and loss of family members, homes and village life, aid officials said.

"Most of the cases we're treating are either gastric, upper respiratory or headaches," said doctor Mira of the British-based Islamic Relief Agency.

"We have to do more research, but a lot of these cases seem to be psychosomatic," said Mira, who like many Indonesians uses one name. "Most of the people are healthy but feel like they're sick."

The new United Nations Recovery Coordinator for Aceh, Eric Morris, said moving the 67,500 people still living in tents into intermediate shelters is the biggest priority, going into the rainy season.

"And probably conditions in some of those barracks are deteriorating, as well," Morris said in an interview.

FOOD RUNNING OUT?

The World Food Program (WFP) is feeding around a half-million people in Indonesia alone, including nearly 100,000 still living in tattered tents.

But the minimum rations of rice, cooking oil and canned fish distributed once a month to tsunami camps were never meant to meet the full daily nutritional needs of recipients.

People in camps frequently complain that for one reason or another they sometimes miss out on even that minimal dole.

"The WFP and NGOs have done an amazingly good job, but it is a staple diet and people do need to diversify their diet," Morris said.

Indonesia's tsunami reconstruction chief said he has appealed to the WFP to keep the food distribution program through to the end of next year to prevent malnutrition and related diseases.

"But should the WFP board not approve the request, or the international community not fund it, Aceh will go back to facing a humanitarian disaster of immense proportions," Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, head of Aceh's Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency (BRR), said in an interview.

"There is a perception that the emergency conditions have passed because we're now in the reconstruction phase. This is wrong. The problems are so great, the humanitarian needs are so immense, that the emergency continues."

More than 232,000 people were killed or left missing across a dozen Indian Ocean nations after a 9.15 magnitude earthquake, the strongest in four decades, unleashed the most devastating tsunami on record.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20051020/lf_nm/tsunami_health_dc

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Depression, hunger stalk tsunami survivors - 21.10.2005 17:25:59
Reuters - Thu Oct 20, 9:31 AM ET
Villagers walk through a muddy street after heavy rains triggered a landslide in Indonesia's Aceh province on October 20, 2005. The World Food Program (WFP) is feeding around a half-million people in Indonesia alone, including nearly 100,000 still living in tattered tents. But the minimum rations of rice, cooking oil and canned fish distributed once a month to tsunami camps were never meant to meet the full daily nutritional needs of recipients. (Tarmizy Harva/Reuters)

[image]http://diendan.vnthuquan.net/upfiles/1124/27516C1255E5451BA1E8CC3F6D21B5EE.jpg[/image]
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Indian archaeologists divers discover ancient port city - 06.11.2005 19:15:38
Indian archaeologists divers discover ancient port city in south India



MAHABALIPURAM, India (AFP) Feb 27, 2005
Indian archaeologists have found what they believe are undersea "stone structures" that could be the remains of an ancient port city off India's southern coast, officials say.
The archaeologists learnt of the structures after locals reported spotting a temple and several sculptures when the sea pulled back briefly just before deadly tsunamis smashed into the coastline December 26.

Divers discovered the stone remains close to India's famous beachfront Mahabalipuram temple in Tamil Nadu state, Alok Tripathi, an official from the state-run Archeological Survey of India (ASI), said Saturday.

"We've found some stone structures which are clearly man-made. They're perfect rectangular blocks, arranged in a clear pattern," he said aboard the Indian naval vessel "Ghorpad".

......

http://www.terradaily.com/2005/050227020006.9hbinb9o.html


http://www.auroville-studytours.org/mahabs.html


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Tsunami Survivors - 05.12.2005 06:02:43
Tsunami Survivors

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Tsunami Survivors: Day 4 - 05.12.2005 06:06:32
DAY 4Where Gypsies Call Home
By Richard Bangs
John Gray walks the white sand to the end of the Moken village on Koh Surin, surrounded by dancing children along the way, and discovers the unexpected: a new clinic and a school, paid for by a Thai princess.


Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn is a poet, a teacher and an outdoorswoman who likes to trek, bike and kayak. She has gone sea kayaking with John half a dozen times and has booked another trip with his company for next week. More than the Red Cross, more than any non-governmental organization, the princess has done the most to help the Moken, even though her own government maroons them without status, as officially Thailand has no "indigenous" peoples.


Fifty-two students attend the thatched-roof school, with a whiteboard, and a set of Mr. Orange briefcases. John, looking like a tropical Santa Claus, belly and all, has toted a large green garbage bag up the beach, and as the children gather around he pulls from the bag notebooks, pencils, crayons and chalk (though he notes there is no place to use the chalk, as there is only the one whiteboard in the village). The children couldn't be happier if they were receiving Gameboys or Disney DVDs; it’s Christmas.


Joe Keawkudang, a Thai from the mainland, is the sole teacher on this paradisical strand, and he too is glad with this windfall. And so when a couple of monkeys come swinging by to take a closer look, and John reveals that his Thai staff call him Ling Yai (Big Monkey), Joe gets an idea. He assigns his students their first task with their new tools. They are each to create a picture of John.


At the end of the assignment it is more Dorian than John Gray as the students hold up their vastly different versions of the human ape in red pantaloons and a baseball cap. A couple of the students have extraordinary artistic aptitude, and render drawings as striking as something from a college art class.


John then goes looking for Salama Glatalay, the headman for all the Moken of Surin Island. But it turns out Salama is off in a remote bay cutting wood for a new kabang, one of the distinctive sea gypsy boats carved with what might be interpreted as a mouth and an ass, representing the human body.


The headman won’t be back until nightfall. So John just wanders through a place where time seems absent, bowing to the women as they chew their betel nut, petting the dogs and admiring the resurrected bamboo stilt village set against the bluish-greens of the primary forest.


When the tsunami hit the island, every village, every hut, was obliterated. For six to eight months of the year the Moken live on their boats, sailing across international waters with near impunity. But during the monsoon season, which turns the Andaman Sea into a furious unnavigable potage, many of the Moken camp in thatched huts on the beaches of Surin, which were declared part of a marine national park in 1981 without any consult or input from the Moken.


When it came time to rebuild, government officials decreed that all the Moken of Surin had to relocate to one beach, a bay away from park headquarters. Restrictions were imposed that would impact their livelihoods: The Moken could fish the island reefs for their own sustenance -- but not for commerce. They could construct huts, but only in the traditional style, so as to be a tourist attraction. They could work for the park, but not for pay, as it is illegal to hire the nationless Moken.


The mandates presented new problems for the Moken. Commercial Thai fisherman with vast nets have fished out the closer reefs, so the Moken need to travel further to sea to fish, and for that they need diesel fuel for their long-tail outboards, which can be acquired only with cash. They also need to buy rice to see them through the monsoons.


It was not long ago that the Moken women would make the daylong trip to the mainland in mid-April, at the start of the monsoon, and literally sing for their suppers. They would go door-to-door and croon a tune imploring the more fortunate to put rice, onions and garlic in a bucket they carried, dry foods that would see them through the rainy season. Two of the elder women of the village, Jampa and Zorpa, sit in a common area of the village and sing the ditty, and then translate the words: "The monsoons are coming. We will die of hunger. So please help us."


The younger Moken women no longer sing this song. Instead they have found other ways to generate monies to buy staples. They weave pandanus baskets, make models of their traditional house boats, collect shells and stingray teeth, all of which they sell to tourists. Once a month or so they make the trip to the mainland, and come back with goods, including, these days, packaged junk food, tobacco, alcohol, even drugs.


The village now has a black and white TV, powered by car batteries charged with solar panels. There are several radios. The Moken are not allowed bank accounts, so they keep a stash of gold for a rainy day. And the beach is littered with plastic and Styrofoam and broken soda pop bottles. I watch as John goes about the village randomly picking up the trash and placing it in a pile, as though by instinct.


But the sun is burning the last remnants of the day, and it's time to head back to our liveaboard. John has been a student of the sea his entire life, but he believes the Moken, who have spent generations on the sea, may have some wisdom to impart to him. It’s why he’s made this pilgrimage. Tomorrow John will return and meet the headman of the Sea Gypsies.

http://adventures.yahoo.com/b/adventures/adventures1511

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DAY 5: The Moken Headman Tells All - 05.12.2005 06:12:52
DAY 5: The Moken Headman Tells All

By Richard Bangs

It is the meeting of two big men, though one is two feet taller than the other. John Gray folds his hands as though in prayer and bows down to Salama Glatalay, while the headman of the Moken sea gypsies thrusts up his overly long arm for a handshake.

Salama then leads us to his little nipa palm thatch roofed hut, where he invites us to climb the ladder and squeeze in while he changes from a tattered plaid shirt to a more statesman-like sash. Salama, we learn, is not just the headman, but is also a teacher, and the spiritual leader for his people. There are 56 family houses along this beach, each looking something like a western architect’s rendition of an eco-lodge bungalow, without the flush toilets, thread-count sheets, little shampoo bottles, or any trappings, really. He says four people live in his hut, which is no bigger than a motel room, including his wife and two grandchildren. He thinks he is about 62 years old, but really doesn’t know. He had nine children, but only five survive. Four died of malaria, before the clinic was opened on the island after the tsunami this year.

John and Salama then walk to the edge of the sea and sit on a fat beach hibiscus root. Behind them is a half-sunken kabang, one of the traditional boats, a remnant of the tsunami. And John begins the conversation by telling Salama about his own experiences with the wave, how he understood the earthquake and tried to alert as many people as possible, and how he took actions that saved lives -- but not as many as he hoped, as not all who heard his warnings heeded them.

John then asks Salama of his own experiences nearly a year ago. Salama pauses, then describes a series of dreams he had before the Laboon, as the Moken call the tsunami. Three nights before he had his first dream, in which he saw the sea turn blood red and watched a western woman struggle in the waves. When he woke, he turned and prayed to the sea that it not be too harsh.

The second night the dream repeated, and when he told his wife she dismissed his premonition, saying he had too much to eat and drink.

The third night the dream happened again, and Salama was convinced nature was angry. The Moken legends tell that the sea sends in a Laboon every once in a great while to clean up what has become dirty, and Salama knew his village was not clean. He lamented that the young people had been leaving the island for the mainland allures, and returned with trash, which was littering the once pristine beach. He said he knew that morning that the sea was coming to wash his village.

He first noticed the fish in his bay were unusually roused, frisking out of the water as though in alarm. Then the sea took its big breath, and sucked the water away, and Salama knew the Laboon was coming.

He had 20 minutes to alert his people, and such was his respect and power that everyone listened. All raced to the highlands, and all but one Moken on the Andaman island of Surin survived.

John and Salama talk and laugh for a couple of hours, trading stories of the sea, recipes for raw shellfish and tales of their long lives, as they believe they are about the same age. Salama gives John some practical advice on jellyfish stings (wash with fresh water as soon as possible); John gives Salama a loving description of the princess, who has yet to travel to Surin, though her presence and beneficence are felt throughout.

Then Salama invites John to take a ride in his kabang, where he is taking a couple of his grandkids out to the reef to dive for clams and shells. The Moken are legendary as being some of the deepest free divers in the world. They carve goggles out of wood, and insert glass from washed-ashore bottles as the eyepieces. Since he is the headman, his is the only boat that has not one but two long-tail diesel engines, and we are out above the reef's edge in minutes.

Salama and the kids don their goggles and dive in, dropping down the reef face some 10 meters without flinching. One of the dive instructors on John's boat, the MV Jazz, putts over on the dinghy with a set of scuba gear, and offers to let Salama use the second regulator as he makes a 25-meter dive. Without hesitation Salama pops the regulator into his mouth, and follows the professional diver to depths with the ease of a kipper, where he plucks a conch from the floor.

Salama later explains another Moken legend: When a Moken dies he ascends to a sort of purgatory, where he awaits sentencing. If his life has not been good enough, his head is whacked off, and he is tossed to the sea where he becomes a shell of his former self. But when a Moken diver retrieves such a shell from the nether regions of the ocean bottom, he releases the lost soul through the opening, and it is allowed to ascend to the heavens.

After diving and buffeting about the bay in Salama’s dark wood plank-sided boat, John fetches a bright banana-colored sea kayak from the MV Jazz. He positions Salama in the bow, and out they go for a spirited paddle. Salama cackles with delight, as though he were one of John’s clients, overwhelmed by the nimbleness, stability and clean lines of the craft.

At the end of the ride Salama makes an offer. He says he thinks the sea kayak would be just a wonderful craft for fishing, and wants to trade his Moken kabang straight-up. John likes the idea, as he has thought about offering tours in traditional craft to celebrate and support Moken tradition.

I wince at this contrivance. I ask John whether the idea of bringing a kayak to this isolated bay might be akin to the dropping of the Coke bottle into the Kalahari as depicted in the film "The Gods Must Be Crazy." The foreign item introduced to a remote tribe becomes a totem that eventually derogates the culture. Might the introduction of modern kayaks accelerate the loss of unique traditions?

John lights into me for that notion, suggesting I'm damning the Mokens to remain museum pieces for my own romantic notions, that my thinking is little different from that of the national park authorities, who prohibited the Mokens from rebuilding with more modern, stable structures, since the image would not be as attractive to tourists.

Freedom to choose and evolve, John allows, are the most potent coins in any society, and for the privileged to wistfully wish that the less advantaged remain so for the dreamy images of tourists, or media, is a shameful fancy. Nonetheless, John doesn't do the trade, at least on this trip.

We finish the day feeding Salama’s boat with extra food and drink, and then wave goodbye as the headman chugs back to his island. I ask John if he learned anything from meeting the sea gypsy helmsman, and he nods. It was not what he expected. There was no arcanum for better knowing nature; no special wisdom about the sea, except perhaps for the hint on jellyfish stings.

But after some thought John shares that he thinks the lesson is the power of acutely in-touch leadership. It is not about just being sharply sensitive to nature, but about being attuned to people in one’s ken. John remembers how frustrated he was when he phoned hotels warning of the tsunami and was not taken seriously, and how that cost many, many lives. He tells how his own assistant, Ying, after seeing the water bowl ripple with the earthquake, called the police in a panic, but they accused her of being on drugs, and hung up. And those calls were more than an hour before the tsunami hit.

John says he really doesn’t know if Salama’s premonitory dreams actually happened. He is a skeptic when it comes to mysticism, omens and spirit messaging. But he thinks it doesn’t really matter. Salama is the inherited spiritual leader of the Moken, an ancient animist culture that believes there are spirits in trees, boats, and in the sea. And Salama is in keen touch with the spirit of his people, and in turn he receives esteem and credibility, more than any missionary, more than any soldier or philanthropist. So, when it came time to persuade his people to run, all he had to do was say he had dreamed of the Laboon, and up the mountain they ran.

"There are world leaders who could use these lessons," John says. Then he hauls his kayak onto the deck for the long passage across the oyster-blue Andaman Sea to his own island home.

http://adventures.yahoo.com/b/adventures/adventures1567

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Tsunami Survivors Mark First Anniversary - 25.12.2005 04:53:57
Tsunami Survivors Mark First Anniversary

By ALISA TANG, Associated Press Writer
52 minutes ago


PHUKET, Thailand - Survivors launched a boat laden with flowers, candles and incense in the first ceremony Saturday to mark one year since the Indian Ocean tsunami swept away at least 216,000 lives in one of the world's worst natural disasters in memory.

Peter Pruchniewitz, 68, who was swept from his hotel room and lost a friend to the waves, returned from Zurich, Switzerland to attend the ceremonies. Asked why, he said simply, "to remember."

The commemoration in Thailand was the first of hundreds to be held on the grim anniversary in the dozen countries hit by the earthquake-spawned waves last Dec. 26.

Amid the mourning, survivors and officials were taking stock of the massive relief operation and peace processes in Sri Lanka and Indonesia's Aceh province, the two places hardest hit by the tsunami. In both cases, success has been mixed.

At Bang Niang beach in Thailand's Phang Nga province, mourners including Western tourists who were caught in the disaster placed offerings into a brightly colored, bird-shaped boat that was floated into the Andaman Sea as members of the Moken, or sea gypsy, tribe chanted and pounded drums.

The Moken believe the ceremony helps ward off evil spirits.

A private memorial service for British citizens and two candlelight ceremonies were planned for later Saturday on the nearby island of Phuket.

In hardest-hit Indonesia, workers on Saturday scaled the minarets of the imposing 16th century mosque in the provincial capital of Banda Aceh, replacing missing tiles and slapping on a fresh coat of whitewash in preparation for special services on Monday.

Thousands of survivors have been rehoused in Aceh, but agencies say they are only about 20 percent of the total number needing new homes and the landscape is still one of devastation in many places.

But the tsunami did bring one positive side effect in Aceh — it resulted in a cease-fire between the government and guerillas that ended a decades-old separatist conflict.

No such progress was made in Sri Lanka, where disputes over aid delivery and an upsurge in violence blamed on separatist Tamil Tiger rebels have dashed hopes that the tsunami would end the country's long-running civil conflict.

On Saturday, troops patrolled the streets of the capital, Colombo, amid boosted security for tsunami ceremonies.

Exactly one year ago Monday, the most powerful earthquake in four decades — magnitude 9 — ripped apart the ocean floor off Sumatra island, displacing millions of tons of water and sending giant waves crashing into Indian Ocean coastlines from Malaysia to east Africa.

A dozen countries were hit by surging walls of water powerful enough to level buildings and sweep small ships miles inland. Entire villages in Indonesia and Sri Lanka were swept away, five star resorts in Thailand were swamped, and in the Maldives whole islets temporarily disappeared.

At least 216,000 people were killed or disappeared in the waves, according to an assessment by The Associated Press of government and credible relief agency figures for each country hit — though the United Nations puts the number at least 223,000.

The true toll will probably never be known — many bodies were lost at sea and in some cases the populations of places struck were not accurately recorded.

Almost 400,000 houses were reduced to rubble and more than 2 million people left homeless, the U.N. says. The livelihoods of 1.5 million were swept away.

The world responded with donor pledges of some $13.6 billion. Rebuilding has started in some places, and fishing boats and seeds have been handed out to kick-start ruined village economies.

But many refugee camps are still full and residents rely on aid handouts to survive. Concerns linger about the pace of rebuilding.

Former President Clinton, the U.N. special envoy for tsunami recovery, said much work remained to be done and the international community faces a "critical challenge" in following through on its promises of help.

"One year ago ... millions of ordinary people across the globe rallied to the immediate aid of communities devastated by the tsunami," Clinton said in remarks prepared for the anniversary and published Saturday in the International Herald Tribune.

"Now our collective challenge is to finish the job, to leave behind safer, more peaceful and stronger communities."

____

AP reporters Meraiah Foley in Phang Nga, Thailand, Chris Brummitt in Banda Aceh, Indonesia and Dilip Ganguly in Colombo, Sri Lanka contributed to this report.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20051224/ap_on_re_as/tsunami_year_ts1

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